![]() It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Persian Empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. It covers an area of 1,648,195 km 2 (636,372 sq mi), making it the fourth-largest country entirely in Asia and the second-largest country in Western Asia behind Saudi Arabia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. ![]() ![]() Iran ( English: / ɪ ˈ r ɑː n, - r æ n, aɪ-/ Persian: ایران Irân ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and also called Persia ( / ˈ p ɜːr ʒ ə/ ), is a country in Western Asia. You may need rendering support to display the Persian text in this article correctly.
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